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The United Nations (UN) has no armed forces of its own. Consequently, when the UN establishes peace operations it relies on voluntary contributions of personnel and equipment from its Member States. But which of the 193 UN Member States provide UN peacekeepers and how have these contributions changed over time? The racing chart above displays the top 30 troop- and police-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping operations between November 1990 and December 2023. It uses data from the Providing for Peacekeeping Project, which includes data on UN peacekeeping contributions from 1990-2017, and more recent data from the United Nations. If you want to know more about why these countries provide UN peacekeepers, you can check out this book on the subject: A.J. Bellamy and P.D. Williams (eds), Providing Peacekeepers: The Politics, Challenges, and Future of United Nations Peacekeeping Contributions (Oxford University Press, 2013).

​The AU Mission in Somalia

Overview of AMISOM for the Effectiveness of Peace Operations Network (Nov. 2020).
Watch here.

United Nations Peacekeepers

Discussion with Johns Hopkins Podcast on Foreign Affairs @HopkinsPOFA
Nov. 2020. Listen here.

US Policy in Somalia

Discussion with Chatham House's Africa Programme @AfricaProg
July 2020
Watch here.

Conventional Insurgents: Understanding al-Shabaab’s Attacks against African Union Bases in Somalia​

Global Terrorism Trends and Analysis Center (20 Dec. 2023).
​Watch here.

The History of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations from 2000–2020​

Peace Operations Training Institute (POTI) June 2021. Watch here.

What to Expect from the New AU Mission in Somalia

Discussion with International Crisis Group's "The Horn" podcast.
Jan. 2025. Listen here.

Al-Shabaab & the African Union in Somalia

Discussion with the Elliott School of International Affairs @ElliottSchoolGW
April 2019
Listen here.

Building the Somali Army

Discussion with Defense One @DefenseOne
April 2019
Listen here.

Why is the US Bombing Somalia?

Discussion with Chicago Council on Global Affairs @ChicagoCouncil
​March 2019
Listen here.

Peacekeeping & Air Strikes in Africa

Discussion with the CSIS Africa Program @CSISAfrica.
Dec. 2018
Listen here.

African Peace & Security

With the African Peacebuilding Network @APN_SRCC.
Oct. 2018
​Listen here.

Peace Operations Logistics

Discussion with Matters of State @MattersoState.
​June 2017
Listen here.

​​Peace Operations in Africa
Testimony to @HouseForeign.
102 mins (2019)

The Future of AMISOM for @CSISAfrica.
90 mins (2018)

U.S. support for peace operations in Africa for @ElliottSchoolGW.
6.5 mins (2015)

Summary of War & Conflict in Africa for @ElliottSchoolGW.
7.5 mins (2012)

Making Peace, Keeping Peace
Discussion with @War_Room_Eds at the U.S. Army War College
32 mins (Dec. 2019)
​Listen here.

Fighting for Peace in Somalia book launch @TheWilsonCenter.
60 mins (Feb. 2019)
​Listen here.